Moscow-Saint Petersburg motorway

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The Moscow-Saint Petersburg motorway (A????????????? ?????? -- ?????-?????????), designated as the ?11, is a Russian federal highway under construction in the European part of Russia, running parallel to the M10 highway, serving from the federal cities of Moscow to St. Petersburg. The M11 would go through the Moscow, Tver, Novgorod, and Leningrad Oblasts, running pass the cities of Khimki, Zelenograd, Solnechnogorsk, Klin, Tver, and Vishny Volochyok.

The M11 is a category 1A highway, defined as a motorway, which will have two to five lanes on each side and a calculated speed limit of around 150 kilometres per hour (93 mph). The M11 is one of the most recent federal highways to be built, with construction starting in 2014. The highway is planned to be commissioned in early 2018, before the start of the Russia FIFA World Cup. When the M11 finishes completion, St. Petersburg would become the second city in Russia after Ufa that has a connection to Moscow with two federal highways. The M11's total length is 684 kilometres (425 mi). The cost of the project is ?152.8 billion, of which ?15.96 billion are invested by the contractor. As of September 2017, sections from the 15 to 58 kilometer mark (Moscow-Solnechnogorsk) and from the 258 to 334 kilometer mark (bypassing Vyshny Volochok) were put into operation.

The plans and construction for the motorway has been met with strong protest from environmentalist groups and nearby residents, mainly due to the fact that the motorway would go through Khimki forest.

Video Moscow-Saint Petersburg motorway

Route Description

The M11 is parallel to the M10 highway. It will start in Moscow, will run via Moscow Oblast (90 km or 56 mi), Tver Oblast (253 km or 157 mi), Novgorod Oblast (233 km or 145 mi), Leningrad Oblast (75 km or 47 mi) to its destination in Saint Petersburg.

Characteristics

The project provides the following main characteristics of the road under construction:

• Total length: 684 km (425 mi)
• Technical Category: Motorway (IA)
• Number of lanes: 4-10
• Lane width: 3.75 m (12.3 ft)
• Width of dividing strip: 5 m (16 ft)
• Curb width: 3.5 m (11 ft)
• Estimated speed limit: 150 km/h (95 mph)
• Number of interchanges = 32
• Number of overpasses = 167
• Number of bridges = 85

• Lane width = 3.75 metres (12.3 ft)
• Shoulder width = 3.5 metres (11 ft)
• The minimum radius of the curve: 1,200 m (3,900 ft)
• The minimum radius of the curve in the longitudinal profile:

• concave: 8,000 m (26,000 ft)
• convex: 30,000 m (98,000 ft)
• Maximum longitudinal slope: 30 ?
• Natural and climatic conditions: The route of the projected road passes through four regions of Russia, the climate of which varies from moderately continental (Moscow Oblast, Tver Oblast) to transitional from continental to maritime (Novgorod Oblast, Leningrad Oblast), which affects the requirements for the design of the route.

The project received the necessary permits and approvals, including a positive conclusion of the state environmental expertise at the stage of investment justification and a positive conclusion of the FAU "Glavgosexpertiza of Russia" at the stage of approval of the engineering project. Public hearings were held in May 2005.

A centralized automated traffic management system will be installed at the head section of the Moscow-St. Petersburg high-speed road [the source is not specified 1069 days], modern communication is provided using the latest advances in information technology, evacuation services, emergency communication points. Over the entire length of the main section of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg high-speed road, separation barriers and lighting will be installed.

In order to reduce the negative acoustic impact, the project envisages the construction of soundproof screens along the route.

Tolls

The concessionaires of the section from 15 to 58 km (9.3 to 36.0 mi) originally planned that the average weighted fare for the main section of the road would be ?3.62/km (?5.83/mi), excluding VAT at 2007 prices. The tariff will vary depending on the vehicle category, time of day, frequency of use of the route, etc.

The average fare on the toll highway M-11 Moscow - St. Petersburg will be approximately ?2-?2.5 per kilometer (?3.2-?4.0/mi). Passage through the site at the entrance to St. Petersburg of 37 kilometres (23 mi) length will cost ?2.2/km (?3.5/mi). On the other toll sections of the route (the central part of the road passing through the Novgorod, Tverskaya and parts of the Moscow region) the journey will cost about ?1/km (?1.6/mi) for the driver of the car. Thus, the entire travel costs about 600 rubles. In June 2013, in the framework of the International Economic Forum held in St. Petersburg, the chairman of the board of the State Company "Russian Highways" ("Avtodor") Sergey Kelbakh said that the price of travel on the road can be about 1100-1200 rubles.

On January 25, 2016, Russian President Vladimir Putin criticized the fare that was set on the section of the route from the 15th to the 58th km (from Moscow to Solnechnogorsk): "Now in Moscow in the direction of St. Petersburg began building a road, one site was put into operation, so there no one goes, "inflated" the price so that it is impossible to drive."

Maps Moscow-Saint Petersburg motorway

History

The development of the understudy project of the existing Moscow-Saint-Petersburg M10 highway was conducted over a long period of time, with the original concept of the understudy was included in the general plan of Moscow and the Moscow region in the early 1970s.

The maximum load of the federal highway M10 already at the moment exceeds the normative load at least three times. With a standard throughput of 40,000 cars per day to date, the traffic intensity reaches 130-170 thousand cars. As a result of exceeding the maximum permissible load, the average speed along the M10 highway at the entrance to Moscow is 10 km/h (6 mph), falling at a peak time of up to 5-7 km/h (3-4 mph). The accident rate on the M10 track exceeds almost three times the average for Russia normative value. The level of air pollution in the territory adjacent to the federal highway M10 exceeds in 3-5 times the sanitary norms adopted in the Russian Federation.

Planning

The decision to build the highway was taken by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, and the initiative came from Russian President Vladimir Putin. In January 2006, the customer was given a feasibility study for investments in the construction of a road from 15 to 58 km.

In February 2008, from the category of private companies, a concessionaire was chosen for the construction of the first section. Of the three companies that participated in the tender, the Ministry of Transport of Russia chose OOO North-West Concession Company. At that time, the estimated cost of building the entire route was approximately 350 billion rubles.

On July 27, 2009, "Severo-Zapadnaya Concessionnaya Kompaniya" (North-West Concession Company, NWCC), a consortium comprising the VINCI company and other leaders signed a concession contract for the first section (15-58 km or 9.3-36.0 mi) of the motorway with the Federal Highway Agency of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Rosavtodor), the grantor, in the presence of the Russian Minister of Transport, Mr Levitin. Total construction cost is estimated at approximately 1 billion Euros.

On April 26, 2010, Vnesheconombank and Sberbank signed an agreement to grant "NWCC" a 29.2 billion-ruble credit with the order to build the first section of the motorway.

Later, on August 26, 2010, President Medvedev suspended the construction after the environmentalists' protests against the motorway's route through the Khimki Forest. According to his decision, additional public and expert discussions are to be carried out.

Construction

On December 14, 2010, Russian government decided to continue the construction through the Khimki forest. Speaking in St Petersburg, Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov said new forest would be planted on a territory of 500 hectares (1,200 acres) to compensate cutting down about 100 hectares (250 acres) of the Khimki forest.

On September 29, 2011, the construction of a motorway on the section from 15 to 58 km began. It is expected that the construction should be completed in 2014.

In January 2012, a large-scale reconstruction of the Businovskaya traffic junction began on the 78th km of the Moscow Ring Road, from where the motorway under construction begins. Partially opened on December 23, 2014, together with the head of the M11. In June 2015, the reconstruction of the junction was completely completed, and today it is the only five-level junction in Russia. The maximum height of the highest level is 35 meters above ground level.

As of the spring of 2012, construction sites from 58 to 97 km were being prepared.

On June 21, 2012, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev signed an order instructing him to conclude a concession agreement for the site from 646 to 684 km. The site will pass through the territory of the Leningrad region and St. Petersburg. The contract will be concluded for a period of 30 years. The term of the competition is 2012-2013. The construction period is 2014-2016. According to the chairman of the board of the state company "Avtodor" Sergey Kelbakh: "the details of the contest, which will be held in two stages, will be announced in the autumn of 2012, in the fall of 2013 the winner will be known."

"Avtodor" and the winner of the competition "Capital of the two capitals" signed on November 18, 2014 concession agreement on the financing, construction and operation of the road at km 543 - km 646 and km 646 - km 684.

On November 28, 2014, the first section of the motorway was opened, km 258-334, bypassing the town of Vyshny Volochyok. The fare for a 76-kilometer section in the daytime for a car will be 240 rubles. The commencement date for the charging of fare is September 21, 2015.

December 23, 2014 commissioned bypass Khimki (the site to the airport Sheremetyevo), and later was opened and the entire head of the expressway from 15 to 58 km. Passage on the new route M-11 from MKAD to Solnechnogorsk became paid on November 23, 2015. The tariff for cars from Moscow to Sheremetyevo-2 airport was from 80 to 250 rubles, and the whole area to Solnechnogorsk will cost from 160 to 500 rubles, depending on the time of the traffic.

June 17, 2015, construction was started in the Leningrad and Novgorod regions. As of December 2015, all designed sections of the road are under construction (or preparation of construction sites), except for the site from 58 to 149 km, where no contractor was found.

February 15, 2017 became aware of the problems with the general contractor of the 140-kilometer section of the road (543 km - 684 km) - the Turkish company "Ij Ichtash Astaldi Ija Inshaat Shirketi" (ICA). Work on the beginning of 2017 is almost stopped. Completion of the construction of the route to the start of the 2018 FIFA World Cup is under threat. ICA participated in the construction of the St. Petersburg WHSD and did not pay the money to some contractors, therefore it got on the agenda as a problem partner, the arbitration proceedings are under way. Now the same is repeated with the construction of the M-11 motorway, at the beginning of 2017 ICA owed its subcontractors more than 5 billion rubles.

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Controversies

Khimki Forest

In 2010, problems with the construction of the road through the Khimki Forest arose due to protests from public organizations (the largest of which was the Movement for the Protection of the Khimki Forest), who disagreed with deforestation under the future track. By the end of July, the protesters managed to achieve the termination of work, but later the commission of the Government of the Russian Federation, chaired by Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov, whose meeting was held on December 14, 2010, decided to approve the original route route through the Khimki forest.

"The initial version of the Moscow-St. Petersburg route through the Khimki forest is absolutely justified and legitimate," Ivanov said. Members of the commission called this decision weighted and compromise. This decision was supported by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev (in summer 2010 he recognized the need to suspend work for a second examination). Aide to the President of the Russian Federation, Arkady Dvorkovich, noted that "after the President made a decision to suspend the construction of the highway and to hold additional consultations, a huge amount of work was done, which made it possible to seriously improve the project."

As part of the preparation for the construction and operation of the main section of the road, a set of environmental measures totaling 4 billion rubles was developed. On November 3, 2011, the cabinet announced the allocation of 12 billion rubles for compensation measures for the reproduction of forest sites cut down during the construction of the high-speed highway.

Zavidovo

Conflict situation has developed around the passage of the road at the borders of Zavidovo. In 2007, Presidential Decree No. 654 of the Zavidovo border was extended eastward to the Moscow-St. Petersburg railway, which resulted in the planned toll road in the national park. At the same time, it was noted that in fact this presidential decree did not come into force, since the Russian government has not yet signed a relevant resolution.

A number of public organizations opposed the construction of the route through the territory of Zavidovo, several street actions were organized. As a result, it was announced that the site of the specially protected natural area, through which the motorway is to pass, will be cut, and instead of it, Zavidovo will receive the territories in another place.

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References

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External links

• Federal Highway Agency of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation website

Source of article : Wikipedia